I was riffing about these guys last week when discussing a return to a more 'traditional' practice. P. in the relation to his wager and K's 'Leap of faith'. I've been trying to decide which is most appropriate.
At first I was going to go with Pascal. He's basically addressing the question of Certainty. He comes to the conclusion that we can't know/prove rationally, and with Certainty, that there is a God. Therefore in the absence of certainty we can look to the wager. Do I have more to gain from believing in God than not. He concludes that we do ( for the sake of the argument anyway), IE. everlasting life, therefore it's better to bet on God.
'Let us estimate these two chances. If you gain, you gain all; if you lose, you lose nothing. Wager, then, without hesitation...'.
Pascal's Wager from Pensées section III 233 (Dutton p67)
I don't know if the Ashtanga method works or not. Seems to work for a lot of people and when it does seem to work it's quite something. I'm going to be practicing yoga anyway so might as well practice the method, all to gain nothing to lose.
In Fear and Trembling, a glorious little book by the way, K, is looking at the question of faith. He considers the example of Abraham. God tells Abraham he will have a son whom he will name Isaac who will grow up and become the father of a nation. Isaac is born but a few years later God speaks to Abraham once again and tells him to sacrifice Isaac. Now there's a problem. How can Isaac be sacrificed and yet still grow up to be the father of a nation, both can't be true. K concludes that in sincerely deciding to sacrifice Isaac, at his gods command, Abraham is making a 'Leap of faith',
Both instances can't be true, that would be absurd (principium contradictionis, Nice irony here in that the rule of contradiction itself can't be subjected to reason, but I digress ). A leap of faith is a leap into the absurd, the absurd being the non rational, the absence of reason. Or something that can not be subjected to reason, to rational thought IE. outside of our pervading rationale.
I've spent the last twenty-five years studying western Metaphysics and Ontology and still barely get what's going on half the time and yet I'm born into, and trained in this tradition. Now perhaps I can read some Indian metaphysics, study the Vedas and Upanishads a little and chant my YogaSutra's, (I have, somewhat and I do) I can compare Sankara with my boy Heidegger, but to what extent can I really understand this from my western perspective?
Perhaps if I lived and studied there long enough, though even then I wonder.
I'm not sure I can reason when it comes to the metaphysical aspect of Ashtanga. I can't seem to be be rational when I consider the Subtle body, Prana and Bandha, or the Chakras. These fit comfortably within Indian metaphysics perhaps but awkwardly within our own. I suspect we have to transform them too much, to grasp them from our own tradition.
The Tao that can be spoken isn't the Tao
If we can talk about these from a western perspective then perhaps we aren't talking about them at all.
If it is indeed the case that I cant consider the Indian metaphysical aspect of Ashtanga from within the Western Philosophical tradition then I cant subject it to reason and by default should perhaps refer to it, by definition, as absurd (in a logical rather than critical sense).
Please don't misunderstand me here, I'm not saying the 'Subtle body' say, is an absurd notion as in, it's a stupid idea. I'm just questioning whether we can approach the subtle body rationally from a western perspective and tradition.
If this is indeed the case then perhaps I have recourse to K's Leap of faith.
I don't understand how or why it works, it makes no sense to me how it can work but I will follow the method having faith that it will work.
Of course if you want to argue that the method and it's result isn't absurd, is, indeed, rational, and can be subjected to reason within our own tradition then it's not a question of faith at all and there's no need to call upon K or P.
I don't have faith, my apologies, Soren. I do accept the rules of induction, however (for what they are). It (the Ashtanga method) worked for them and there's a good chance it'll work for me. So here's a tenner, Blaise, put it on the grey.
* Despite the above I should point out that I'm very much aware that India has a glorious Logical tradition that predates Aristotle by several hundred years. Patanjali, for instance, refers to Logic as being one of the three forms of correct knowledge in the Sutra's. My argument above is based on metaphysical and cultural traditions rather than logical ones.
12 comments:
Cool post. I wonder what you mean, exactly, by Ashtanga 'working'? I mean, how will you know when it has worked?
Yes yes, really begs the question doesn't it.
It would be extremly rare to divorce the wife and still sleep with her and have her do your laundry.
Eastern or Western. Are they the same or different?
Who cares?
Just practice! :-)
Well I care, or rather I'm interested. it's not as if I get on my mat and then start to wander around the mat philosophising like the monty python football match sketch. I do my practice and later i think about it.
Of course you could just focus on the one limb, asana, at the exclusion of the other seven. However those other seven limbs are encouraged and once you consider them you find yourself in this arena.
How else are you supposed to study the scriptures without a questioning mind. KPJ mentions the problems of translation in one of those Youtube videos. We're a step or two removed from the Indian born into the same culture (though there are problems with that too, the same problem as us in a postmodern era looking back at writings from the Christian or Ancient greek paradigms).
One example. Japanese notice that westerners use 'watashi wa' a lot when they speak Japanese. Watashi wa means 'I'. japanese themselves hardly use it. There is a completely different concept of self. Now I know you read and quote a lot of Zen writers in translation, do you not think that the different concepts of self these that these two cultures have is a relevant question and worth considering.
Personally i think you can just get on your cushion and practice from which ever culture/tradition you come from, but if you want to read in that tradition then you come across these same issues. Do you take it on faith, take the wager or explore the different ontologies of the two cultures.
Okay, how about this saying: "Open mouth already a mistake"?
Exploring the experience vs exploring discourses. Even if a philosopher is 100% right on, it's still the finger and not the moon.
: )
Yep, pointing at the moon not the moon, same as Tao, not Tao no?
You don't have to read the Gita or the Upanishads or or Patanjali's Sutras or the commentaries on the sutra's or the commentaries on the commentaries on the Sutra's. Though I believe Sharath recommends it.
I just happen to enjoy thinking about my practice at the moment and may choose to reflect on it here occasionally. I wont do it on anyone else's blog anymore, just here. That way it's nicer and easy to avoid if it's not what someone is interested in.
I also think the issue of whether someone should or shouldn't reflect on their/the practice is worth thinking about too and take your point seriously.
Sounds like you've thought it through (LOL! -- "thought it through!").
I like reading the old texts -- Hindu and Buddhist. The old zen guys are pretty rigorous (and hilariously so!) about reminding the reader about the finger/moon (concept/experience) conundrum.
Hi Grimmly, am a fairly recent regular reader (just began practicing ashtanga at home last december) and am briefly delurking to say--
I understand where this post is coming from! Am Southeast Asian but have an undergraduate degree in Western Philosophy and am trying to (reconcile isn't the right word)... articulate what has drawn me to this practice.
I certainly haven't been studying Western Philosophy for as long as you have, but this post really resonated with me.
(I am firmly on Kierkegaard's side, though. Hehe.)
Thanks for delurking for this one Bloodsugar I appreciate it. Good luck with the home practice and squaring philosophy with the practice. My feeling is that the practice is part of a Philosophy and should be engaged with as Philosophy rather than treated like a relic, though I seem to be in the minority. Thanks again.
Ah pascals wager, you're the first person I've 'heard' talk about that for a while, and this post is way back in Janauary. But exactly, the foundations for the mind set of the Japanese, is fundamentally different from those brought up in a christian based country. Even if an athiest the basic tenets of the countries law, and it's roots are planted in christianity. However, Japan, China, Korea get their room from Buddhism from India, very much chanaged as it travelled and absorbed local pagan religions. I often wonder about this. I remember wrestleling, quite literally it felt with a zen book, this was after my discovery of tibbetan buddhism.....then come to Japan, the way of thought, language culture is so different. Perhaps not even on a conscious level, basically humans are humans but some of the software differs. I can to Ashtanga from a pyschology and philosophy beckround (no where near as deep as yours, just scratched the surface) but a lot of concepts trobled me, I have always questioned and been told that actively questioning and discovering for oneself is the way. Japanese do not refer to the self anywhere as much as their western counterparts, this is very significant of the mind set. Japanese traditional ways are so close to the Ashtanga philosphical system.. Sorry to have a bit of a ramble on your comments. Have a great holiday.
Thanks for commenting on this post エスタ I'd forgotten all about it. Great that you came across it at the end of the year too as back in January, probably as a result of this post, I put my Heidegger away for the year (I've been reading him pretty much constantly for fifteen years). The idea was to try to spend the year reading Indian Philosophy and literature without Heidegger sitting on my shoulder whispering in my ear. Then in 2011 the plan was to open the Heidegger again along with Sankara say( and I've been lining up books all week, chomping at the bit), and see how they bounced off each other on a (very) slightly more even playing field.
I remember being struck by the absence of ideas of 'evil' and 'Sin' in Japan. In the west argument comes to an end when faced with those. In Japan they might argue something is socially unacceptable or might not wish to discuss some topics but I never came across ' it's wrong because God says it's wrong'.
feel free to ramble anytime : )
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